evidence on relative mobility and poverty dynamics. We then describe evidence on economic mobility obtained via synthetic … classes by households over time: poverty is not inevitably a chronic condition. However, less clear are the factors driving … northern India over seven decades. We describe patterns of poverty dynamics and economic mobility in the village, and we …

Despite a substantial decline in poverty, an increase in access to water and sanitation and a large decline in open … process by which fecal pathogens like E. coli can permanently damage the intestinal villi of young children making it …