using value-added and property taxes. The income tax rate is among the lowest in the world while most excise tax rates are …

, this is presently not the case. The domestic shipping industry is characterized by high costs, low quality of service, and … a poor safety record. Logistics cost accounts for 24-53 percent of wholesale price, while shipping and port handling … cost around 8 percent of wholesale price and 5 percent of retail price. Philippine domestic shipping is generally more …

liberalization is to help i) foster more competition in the domestic shipping industry, ii) reduce shipping cost, and iii) improve … efficiency, maritime services, and safety standards. These, together with complementary reforms in domestic shipping and ports … cabotage is organized as follows. Part one provides an overview of the domestic shipping industry and discusses the key issues …

, where relevant, key areas for future attention. The topics are: international shipping, gateway ports, domestic maritime … transport, four related sectors, cruise ship tourism, tuna fisheries, fossil fuel imports, and bulk shipping, natural disasters …

(World Bank, 2022)'. It provides more detail on, and analysis of, natural hazards in the Pacific affecting port … Note looks particularly at the experiences of 12 World Bank member countries, referred to collectively as the PIC12 …

To permanently end poverty and hunger by 2030, the world needs a food system that can feed every person, every day … better steward the world's natural resources. Urgently, we need a food system that is more resilient and that shifts from …