Myanmar's decentralization of governance, financing and service delivery is taking place against aparticularly challenging backdrop. Myanmar is a country with considerable geographic and socialdiversity and a history of isolation, conflict and underdevelopment. Decades of civil conflict and...

This report presents a review of the intergovernmental fiscal transfer reforms program (IGFTRP) and its performance since 2015, as part of a broader Public Expenditure Review (PER) that aimed to explore avenues for improving efficiency effectiveness in cross cutting areas of service delivery....

The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) has made a strong commitment to strengthening public service delivery through three interrelated public sector reform initiatives: Public Financial Management Reform Program (PFMRP), National Program for Public Administration Reform (NPAR), and...

The aim of this note is to present and analyze subnational fiscal trends in Russia in the context of overall slowing economic growth and falling oil prices over the last few years. In particular, in 2015, GDP fell by 3.7 percent. Despite efforts to cut expenditures, the federal deficit increased...

The World Bank's Nepal Fiscal Federalism Update (NFFU) aims to report annually on the progress of fiscal federalism in Nepal and identify implementation gaps. This second update reviews the progress on fiscal federalism since the publication of the first report and provides an update on economic...

The World Bank Nepal Fiscal Federalism Update aims to report annually on the progress of fiscal federalism in Nepal and identify implementation gaps. This first such update reviews the progress on fiscal federalism since the publication of the Federalism Capacity Needs Assessment (FCNA) in 2019

This Public Expenditure Review is focused on the quality and sustainability of public spending. The key objective of this Public Expenditure Review (PER) is to assess the quality of public spending, by evaluating its efficiency and effectiveness, while also delving into sustainability...

The objective of this PEFA assessment is to provide the Government of Mongolia (GoM) and its development partners with an objective, up-to-date diagnostic of the national-level public financial management (PFM) performance based on the latest PEFA methodology. The 2021 PEFA assessment is...

Sierra Leone is a low-income, small West African country of approximately 7.65 million population. Over the past decade, the country has made gains on several health indicators, but it faces huge challenges. Infectious diseases remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, but...

At the request of the Government of Sierra Leone (GoSL), the World Bank is undertaking a programmatic Public Expenditure Review (PER) to analyze fiscal policy quality and provide policy advice to the GoSL with a focus on fiscal policy and public financial management. The analysis is also meant...