Despite an initial surge in COVID-19 cases, cross country data suggests that Turkey containedrelatively quickly the spread and worst health effects of the virus. As in other countries, however, continued vigilance is essential to sustain this fragile trend. Turkey's pandemic response may offer...

This evaluation, requested by the Committee on Development Effectiveness of the Executive Board of the International Development Association (IDA), is intended to provide input and insight into the upcoming World Bank-International Monetary Fund (IMF) review of the Low-Income Country Debt...

Papua New Guinea has abundant resources in the form of oil and mineral wealth. But a complex set of factors, including systemic gender inequality, underinvestment in non-extractive sectors, and fragility compounded by vulnerability to disasters caused by natural hazards act as barriers to...

What effect does democratization have on meritocratic practices in the civil service? Democratization increases performance incentives within the bureaucracy. This leads to more meritocracy for individuals with performance-enhancing characteristics, such as educational attainment, which...

Following the Introduction in chapter one, the report provides a country overview in chapter two to provide the national context. The connectivity gap has both a supply-side and a demand-side: chapter three explores the demand-side, focusing on ICT in the education sector and the challenges...

Following the Introduction in chapter one, the report provides a country overview in chapter two to provide the national context. The connectivity gap has both a supply-side and a demand-side: Chapter three explores the demand-side, focusing on ICT in the education sector and the challenges...