The internationalization of the Ecuadorian economy is necessary if the country is to successfully adopt a development model led by the private-sector. The Ecuadorian government is seeking to accelerate growth and sustain social progress by giving greater prominence to the private sector; it does...

Landlocked and mountainous, Tajikistan has a young-and mostly rural-population of about 8.7 million and GNI per capita of USD 1,100 in 2016, making it a lower middle-income country. In 2016, Tajikistan launched the National Development Strategy of the Republic of Tajikistan for the Period Up To...

Croatia has made significant economic progress since independence, but the global financial crisis has exposed weaknesses in its economy and growth model. While growth has resumed in 2015, income convergence has been thrown back by the crisis and by the prolonged recession that followed and is...

The devastating impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the Cambodian economy-where the growth slowdown was among the most pronounced in the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) region-lies in the country's growth generating process. Recent growth has been remarkable, but insufficiently diversified in...

The objective of this report is to inform the Government of Vietnam's on-going efforts to enhance the competitiveness of the domestic private sector and to facilitate foreign direct investment (FDI) spillovers and linkages. This report is anchored in the government's supporting industries (SI)...

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Belarus has pursued a gradual transition path characterized by slow opening of the economy to the private sector and a limited reform of the governance system of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This systematic country diagnostic (SCD) demonstrates that...

Since its independence in 1991 and until prior to the global financial crisis (GFC) in 2008-09, Armenia was considered an important success story among the transition economies. Indeed, over several years, the country displayed a record of sustained macroeconomic achievements, reflected in high...

Ecuador faces the challenge of consolidating the social gains achieved during the last decade while addressing the excesses committed the commodity boom period, when the state was the main drive of economic growth and the private sector remained subdue. This policy note diagnoses the nature of...

From the Coronavirus (COVID) pandemic to the war in Ukraine, the world and Georgia are experiencing more uncertainty and accelerating disruption. As a small open economy looking to integrate with the global economy, Georgia must carefully navigate these trends by being prepared for the risks and...

This handbook has been developed to provide instruction on the design and implementation of incentives for resource-efficiency purposes. The target audience is World Bank staff and stakeholders who are supporting the implementation of a resource-efficiency program in a country on behalf of the...