This paper is part of additional efforts supported by the World Bank Global Tobacco Control Program to inform the Government of Vietnam on options for tobacco taxation by providing estimates of the impact of cigarette price increase across five income groups for the period 2020-2022 under two...

This Public Expenditure Review (PER) is the result of collaboration among UNICEF, the World Bank Group, and Lesotho's Ministries of Health and Finance. Senior economists from the Clinton Health Access Initiative provided invaluable support in analyzing health expenditure data. The PER covers a...

This report presents the result of the qualitative evaluation to understand the implementation of five adherence interventions from the provider perspective in four South African provinces. The research is part of the evaluation of the new Adherence Guidelines for HIV, TB and other chronic...

This report identifies critical opportunities and constraints faced by the Vanuatu health system as it makes progress toward universal health coverage (UHC). Protecting the achievements that have been made over recent years, while continuing to improve a broader range of health outcomes,...

This report reviews the current provider payment arrangements and policies of the Philippines, and the extent to which they have contributed to the achievement of the HFS goals. It focuses on the pillars of the HFS that center on provider payment issues, including what is paid for and by whom...

This report is organized into five chapters. Chapter one provides an estimate of the relative efficiency position of the Kyrgyz Republic based on its health outcomes and health expenditure. It is then analyzed to understand whether the sector is mostly in need of additional funding or needs to...

This Public Expenditure Review (PER) is the first for Namibia's health sector. Namibia is an upper-middle income country that has made major progress in improving the standard of living for its population and reducing poverty. Still, with one of the highest Gini coefficients in the world, the...

This Public Expenditure Review (PER) report provides an update on trends and patterns of health expenditures in the public sector. It assesses the availability of fiscal space, the role of user fees and pooled financing arrangements, and provides an overview of the fund flow and financial...

Malawi's population has grown rapidly from almost 3.6 million in 1960 to around 16.3 million in 2015 with about 85 percent of the population residing in rural areas. During the past twenty-five years, Malawi has made significant progress in increasing coverage for key maternal, child health and...

This report is the outcome of a costing study undertaken to obtain information about the costs of delivering health services at different administrative health care levels in Bhutan, to: Inform the Ministry of Health about the costs of delivering various types of services at different levels; --...