Georgia has made impressive economic progress over the past two decades, achieving strong and resilient economic growth and development despite numerous external and domestic shocks. This Fiscal Incidence Analysis (FIA) report serves as a baseline for evaluating current fiscal policy and...

This guidance note helps World Bank teams answer 6 key questions to help prepare a country's blue public expenditure review (PER), a valuable tool for countries on their journey to a sustainable blue economy: (1) what is the scope of the review, (2) how much does the government spend and on...

Nepal has made significant progress across many human capital dimensions in the past twenty years, though shocks remain a threat to achievements. The current Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has adversely affected the economy and the delivery of essential services, which can have significant...

Tajikistan's agrifood system has had a steady and growing presence domestically and in the Central Asia region, but still faces many constraints. Agriculture is significantly affected by climate change due to the high vulnerability of its natural environment and the low adaptive capacity of both...

This Fiscal and Debt Sustainability Note, the first module of a programmatic multisectoral Public Expenditure Review (PER), reviews the recent macro-fiscal challenges, analyzes their causes and consequences and provide policy options for enhancing the conduct of fiscal and PFM policies in the...

This public expenditure review (PER) for the Dominican Republic (DR) is designed to inform the government's fiscal expenditure policies and advance its economic and social development priorities. The PER was requested by the government in December 2019, but its scope has been extensively revised...

This is the second and last module of a programmatic Public Expenditure Review (PER). The programmatic PER is intended to support the Government of Malawi to analyze: 1) fiscal risks and sustainability; and 2) the efficiency and equity of public expenditure, particularly in human development...

The European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has evolved since its inception in 1962 and since the expansion of the EU to 28 member countries (EU28 - EU27, since the departure of the United Kingdom on 31 January 2020). In its latest iteration published in June 2018, the 2021-2027 CAP,...