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thus less dependent on China's BRI overland corridors for trade, investment and growth. Nevertheless, the Georgian … government is investing in the one BRI corridor China, Europe route that passes through the Caucuses, partly because it provides … a faster route to China. The potential for larger volume of Chinese transit cargo on this route may also be attractive …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012647285
Armenia is a small land-locked mountainous country with relatively difficult access to regional and global markets. The borders with Azerbaijan in the east and with Turkey in the southwest and west are closed. Only the borders with Georgia in the north and Iran in the south are open for trade...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012647286
Uzbekistan is a resource-rich country with a relatively young population of 33 million, the largest in Central Asia. It is also a geographic pivot for the region, bordering all other Central Asian countries and Afghanistan, with transit connections in all directions. As a double landlocked...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012647287
Tajikistan is the poorest country in the region despite strong growth for nearly two decades; sustaining growth in future will need substantially higher growth in private investment and exports. Its per capita income (GNI) is close to USD 1,000 but nearly a third of its population, of around 9...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012647289
Kazakhstan is an upper-middle income, resource rich country. Its ascent to upper-middle income status was propelled by rising oil production and booming oil prices which pushed the average annual rate to above 7 percent during 2000-2013. The halving of world oil prices and lower export demand...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012647290
The year 2019 marks the tenth year of the Right to Information (RTI) act enactment in Bangladesh. The Government of Bangladesh (GoB) has made good progress in implementing the RTI Act 2009 in the past decade. The RTI survey was conducted between January and March of 2019. The survey results...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012647109
China considers innovation be one of the key drivers of its future growth and convergence with more developed countries … technological catch- up, China must revise its approach to innovation policy. This paper takes stock of China's progress in building … recommendations to help China sustain its drive to become one of the global innovation champions …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012647097
The special topic of this edition of the Macroeconomic Monitoring report focuses on the TC administration's 'public' financial support to the agriculture sector. Due to the Turkish lira depreciation, the recent adverse climate conditions, and exacerbated by the COVID-19 crisis, the agriculture...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012544689
This report provides an overview of international experience in the implementation of Green Public Procurement (GPP). It focuses on the institutional framework that is needed to support the mainstreaming of GPP practices across government. The intention is to equip practitioners with a broad...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012700662
Sierra Leone is a low-income, small West African country of approximately 7.65 million population. Over the past decade, the country has made gains on several health indicators, but it faces huge challenges. Infectious diseases remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, but...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012700709