efforts, through conditions for loans and credits, have focused on reducing and restructuring capital expenditures, reducing … subsidies, reforming public employment, cutting the public sector wage bill, emphasizing operations and maintenance of existing …

This study examines the role of subsidies in explaining the obvious and injurious mismatch between fishing effort and … biological production capacity. It uses the definitions and methodology of the WTO on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures of … 1994 in defining the nature and size of subsidies to the sector and their impact, based on case studies for Japan, the …

Results-based financing is a well-established financing modality in the health and education sectors but it is still in … an early stage of deployment in the area of climate change. This report reviews 74 results-based climate financing (RBCF … sector activity and financing. RBCF can thus play a critical role in mobilizing the resources and supporting the policies and …