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Evaluating different approaches to estimating vulnerability

Ligon, Ethan; Schechter, Laura - World Bank Group - 2004

assumptions regarding the underlying economic environment. We find that when the environment is stationary, and consumption … vulnerability is employed. If the vulnerability measure is risk-sensitive, but consumption is measured with error, a simple … estimator proposed by the authors(2003) generally performs best. However, when the distribution of consumption is non …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008676651

Mandated benefits, employment, and inequality in a dual economy

Almeida, Rita; Carneiro, Pedro - World Bank Group - 2008

The authors study the effect of enforcement of labor regulation in Brazil, an economy with a large informal sector and strict labor law. Enforcement affects mainly the degree of compliance with mandated benefits (severance pay, health, and safety) in the formal sector and the registration of...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008676711

Constrained gazelles : high potentials in West Africa's informal economy

Grimm, Michael; Knorringa, Peter; Lay, Jann - World Bank Group - 2012

The informal sector is typically characterized as being very heterogeneous and possibly composed of two clearly distinct segments, sometimes called the lower and upper tier. However, empirical evidence shows that even among lower tier entrepreneur's profitability can be quite high. The authors...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010828432

Boosting productivity via innovation and adoption of new technologies : any role for labor market institutions?

Scarpetta, Stefano; Tressel, Thierry - World Bank Group - 2004

This paper presents empirical evidence on the determinants of industry-level multifactor productivity growth. It focus on traditional factors, including the process of technological catch up, human capital and R&D as well as institutional factors affecting labor adjustment costs. The link...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008676609

Implicit pension debt: issues, measurement and scope in international perspective

Holzmann, Robert; Palacios, Robert; Zviniene, Asta - World Bank Group - 2004

This paper argues that it is important to take into account unfunded public pension liabilities as part of an assessment of the overall fiscal situation, including the fiscal positions of pension schemes pre and post reforms. It examines the concept of the implicit pension debt (IPD) and...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008676620

Optimal unemployment insurance : a guide to the literature

Karni, Edi - World Bank Group - 1999

Unemployment insurance has been the subject of numerous theoretical and empirical studies. These studies elucidate the benefits and the cost of unemployment insurance, namely, the improved allocation of risk bearing and the reduced incentives for work. In the past two decades a branch of the...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008676633

Latvian pension reform

Fox, Louise; Palmer, Edward - World Bank Group - 1999

In 1995, Latvia became the first country in Central and Eastern Europe to implement parametric reform of the Soviet-style PAYGO pension system, and the first in the world to implement the"notional defined contribution (NDC) system"originally designed for Sweden. The Government's intention was to...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008676644

Notional accounts as a pension reform strategy : an evaluation

Disney, Richard - World Bank Group - 1999

This paper considers the implementation of, and rationale for, pension reforms based on notional accounts (sometimes known as notional defined contribution plans or NDCs). The distinguishing feature of such reforms is that a structure of individual accounts is established, in which contributions...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008676649

Labor markets and poverty in Bulgaria

Rutkowski, Jan J. - World Bank Group - 1999

Economic transition in Bulgaria has been associated with the emergence of unemployment, the fall in real wages and a substantial increase in wage inequality. The ranks of low-paid workers have grown and their relative wage status has substantially deteriorated. Unemployment is of long duration....

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008676652

Financing the transition to multipillar

Holzmann, Robert - World Bank Group - 1998

This report focuses primarily on the mechanics of financing the transition from an unfunded pension scheme with equates with hidden public debt to a funded scheme which makes this debt explicit, and on the financial stocks and flows involved. Only if the problem is treated in a consistent...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008676663

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