payments system (NPS) in virtually every country in the world. Recently, the issuance of central bank digital currency (CBDC …

This report is based on a study of the costs of retail payments in Kosovo, using a methodology (A Practical Guide for … Post Office on the supply side. The study aims to establish a sound economic baseline for the national retail payments … services are reduced. Lower costs of retail payments can also fundamentally extend the access of electronic payment services to …

This report is based on a study of the costs and savings of retail payments in Albania using a methodology (A Practical … this methodology to Albania, the study aims to establish a sound economic baseline for the national retail payments system …

(BIS-IOSCO) 24 principles and analyzing the payments development in the Maldives, while emphasizing the importance of … undertaken by PSSOU and MMA to ensure an effective oversight on the national payments system (NPS) in the Maldives …

; (ii) banking competition; (iii) government debt capital market development, including sukuk; (iv) credit guarantee schemes …

, credit needs remain limited due to low enterprise density, poor health of enterprises, especially micro …