This paper discusses key findings and policy proposals for modernizing Hungary's subnational government system the perspective of fiscal decentralization, local capacity building, and development of a competitive credit market. Hungary has been a pioneer in local government reform among...

This paper presents a conceptual framework for the strategic management of government agencies in developing and transition economies. The framework, which integrates the New Institutional Economics, Management Theory, and Public Choice Theory, also models strategies for providing development...

This report provides a systematic assessment of business angel activities, and the ecosystem surrounding innovation finance, in the Czech Republic. Based on literature reviews, published data sources and local stakeholder interviews, the report distills findings related to the demand for and...

This report provides an assessment of the policies devoted to supporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Czech Republic. It presents an original analysis of all national-level SME-related policy instruments, totaling 93 instruments operational from 2013 to 2017 and disbursing 108.5...

In less than fifty years, Brazil evolved from a predominantly rural society and economy to a highly urbanized country in which 85 percent of its people now live in urban areas and more than 90 percent of the country’s GDP is generated in the cities. This rapid urbanization process was...

In less than fifty years, Brazil evolved from a predominantly rural society and economy to a highly urbanized country in which 85 percent of its people now live in urban areas and more than 90 percent of the country’s GDP is generated in the cities. This rapid urbanization process was...

The Leadership Training Toolkit for State-Owned Enterprises ('SOE Leadership Toolkit') was developed jointly by the World Bank and IFC (World Bank Group) to support countries' efforts to build capacity of SOE boards and senior managers. It also endeavors to strengthen state ownership and...

This Technical Note assesses the corporate governance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Azerbaijan with a view to supporting the government's efforts to bolster economic development. Mutually reinforcing recommendations are closely linked and aim to increase accountability across the whole...

This report assesses Pakistan's corporate governance policy framework. It highlights recent improvements in corporate governance regulation, makes policy recommendations, and provides investors with a benchmark against which to measure corporate governance in Pakistan. The report focuses on the...

As one of the largest pension funds in Thailand, government pension fund (GPF) is fully aware of its importance as a universal owner and of its role supporting sustainable global values within the context of environmental, social, and governance (ESG). In 2018, GPF publicly announced its...