In 2016, the Government of Bulgaria (GoB) decided to initiate spending reviews to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of its spending in the context of a moderate fiscal consolidation process. Though Bulgaria has one of the lowest overall spending in the European Union (EU), spending...

Uganda is the largest refugee-hosting country in Africa and the third-largest worldwide. Because of ongoing conflicts and instability in the Democratic Republic of Congo and South Sudan, Uganda is hosting over 1.33 million refugees and asylum seekers. The prolonged and steady influx of refugees...

Women face many barriers to using public transport services, despite representing the largest share of public transport users around the world. Transport and infrastructure-oriented barriers are related to constraints in its affordability, acceptability and availability, as well as to the...

This study has three main objectives. First, it aims to assess the impact of tobacco excise tax increases over 2012-14 on prices, consumption levels, and tax revenues in Senegal, as well as the response by tobacco companies to such increases. Second, the report models the potential impact of two...

The key issues and challenges for effective tobacco tax design in Bangladesh, Tobacco control poses a major public policy concern and challenge in Bangladesh, which has one of the world's highest rates of tobacco use. Low cigarette taxes and prices have contributed to an alarming expansion in...

This report presents results of the modelling exercise in terms of excise tax increases for the period 2018-2021, including average excise tax and revenue mobilization options; it also compares the tobacco excise tax already included in the country's current tax code with that necessary to...

This paper is part of additional efforts supported by the World Bank Global Tobacco Control Program to inform the Government of Vietnam on options for tobacco taxation by providing estimates of the impact of cigarette price increase across five income groups for the period 2020-2022 under two...