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In this report, the authors investigate state-owned enterprise (SOE) listings as a solution to promote local capital markets development. Thus, SOE listings can offer governments an enormous opportunity to kick-start the development of their local capital markets while achieving other divestment...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012603581
China has achieved remarkable success in financial inclusion. China's rate of account ownership - a basic metric of … the world's largest agent banking network. China has also been an established leader in the fintech revolution, with new … themselves against risk. This report examines in detail China's approach to financial inclusion over the past 15 years. The …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012645331
Geographically, Chongqing is strategically positioned as a gateway to China's west, a key connection in the Yangtze … river economic belt, and a strategic base for China's belt and road initiative. Over the past two decades, Chongqing has …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012645963
Armenia's economy is heavily reliant on domestic demand, which is itself driven by remittances that support local construction and consumption. Armenia will need to shift to an export led strategy if it is to move from middle income to high-income status. Because Armenia is a landlocked country...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012646719
Offshore wind holds tremendous promise for many emerging markets as a large-scale, clean, reliable form of new electricity generation with the potential to stimulate valuable economic benefits. However, developing a new offshore wind sector in an emerging market is no easy task. Decision makers...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012700797
Physical cash and commercial bank money are dominant vehicles for retail payments around the world, including in emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs). Yet payments in EMDEs are marked by several key deficiencies, such as lack of universal access to transaction accounts, widespread...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013209134
Outdoor air pollution accounts for an estimated 4.2 million deaths worldwide, the majority of which are caused by exposure to fine particulate matter (or PM2.5) air pollution. Most of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Reducing PM2.5 air pollution is thus crucial for...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013209228
This Good Practice Handbook is designed to provide guidance to practitioners on taking rigorous and consistent approaches to assess hydropower project impacts on downstream river ecosystems and people, and determine their Environmental Flows (EFlows) commitments. The Handbook outlines a good...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012645182
This Note provides guidance to securities markets regulators in emerging market economies (EMEs) about key regulatory issues that could affect the issuance of debt instruments for infrastructure financing over which they have some control. The Note focuses on three areas (placement regime,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012645509
This Policy Note focuses on distribution channels, the role they play in product diversification and costs, and how regulation can promote competition in mutual funds (MFs) distribution. In many emerging market economics (EMEs) where both the capital markets and the MFs have reached certain...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012645510