Unlike the Kyoto protocol's clean development mechanism (CDM), Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement is designed to allow for international cooperation in carbon markets through decentralized governance. Under this article, bilateral or plurilateral cooperation between participating parties can be...

There is growing evidence that financially inclusive countries are more financially stable and exhibit better micro- and macro-economic conditions conducive to financial well-being of individual consumers. In order to produce significant economic and societal benefits, financial inclusion needs...

The Tanzania Education Sector Institutional and Governance Assessment (hereafter referred to as the report) identifies the drivers of efficient and effective basic education service delivery in Tanzania by exploring the sector's institutional and governance context. The assessment has four main...

The 2008 crisis marked the beginning of a lost decade for many countries - and many people - in the European Union (EU). The crises of 2008 and 2012 halted, and in some countries undid, a decade of growth and economic convergence across the EU. This report argues that the economic shocks...

Mandalay is the second-largest city in Myanmar and a gateway to the Bay of Bengal to neighboring economic hubs. Rapid economic and demographic growth, paired with the relaxation of import restrictions for new and used two, three, and four-wheeler has resulted in rapidly declining conditions for...

This report provides recommendations to further develop the methodology for nutrition expenditure analysis. This report carefully reviewed all available nutrition expenditure analyses available and drew methodological conclusions. Findings include a need for a standardized way of classifying...

The World Bank is exploring opportunities to accelerate climate action and low-carbon resilient development pathways by supporting Ghana in enhancing and implementing its nationally determined contribution (NDC). One of the areas identified under the NDC is the support to increase utility-scale...

The Diagnostic Trade Integration Study (DTIS) update identifies priority actions in support of the Government of Sudan (GOS) commitment to increase trade and diversify the economy. The current study builds on the earlier 2008 DTIS by identifying the major factors holding back the increase of...

International trade can promote efficiency, knowledge diffusion, technological progress, and-what ultimately matters most-inclusive growth and poverty reduction. Boosting export competitiveness is inextricably linked with rebuilding the productive sectors of Somalia's economy, generating jobs...

The war in Ukraine is a human tragedy for the people of Ukraine, but its economic implications are global. This instant report focuses on the direct impact of the war on world trade and investment. It identifies five trade and investment channels through which countries will be affected by the...