While Thailand's pension system is typically described as a multipillar pension scheme, its design is highly fragmented and offers adequate coverage only to a small segment of the population, including civil servants and high-income individuals. In its 2018 Article IV report, the IMF highlighted...

This report focuses on pension system greening and aims to provide data-driven recommendations to orient climate-aligned investment practices. In order to undertake a holistic analysis, this report consists of the following sections: a literature review outlining the need to green the global...

This report provides an overview of current pension challenges and opportunities formembers of the Arab Monetary Fund (AMF)1. There is an urgent need to address pensionissues in the region to address fiscal, macroeconomic, sustainability, equity and welfarechallenges. The report sets out...

The report is structured as follows. In the first section, authors refer to the demographic and labor market context in Montenegro, which indicate the risks and challenges ahead of the pension system in Montenegro. We also discuss some of the myths that are related to the perception of older...

Brazil's pension system takes up an oversized proportion of its social protection spending. It comprises of Regime Geral de Previdencia Social (RGPS), covering private sector workers, and over two thousand Regimes Proprios de Previdencia Social (RPPS), insuring public civil servants at federal...

This work builds on the Public Expenditure Review (PER) analysis of the pension system conducted in 2016 but also brings important innovations. It updates the financial analysis conducted then and offers new policy recommendations, with the key objective of improving the affordability of the...

Vietnam is a young country on the cusp of a dramatic aging of the population that is taking place at a faster pace and at an earlier level of development than most other countries in the world. Though Vietnam's favorable demographic window of opportunity is still open, this report argues it...

The report provides recent macroeconomic developments, outlook, and risks that Mongolia faces. The timing of the release of this report is ideal considering that, the Mongolian economy, which was recovering from the COVID-19 on the back of a successful vaccination program and income support,...

Bangladesh is home to one of the largest populations of older adults in the world. Driven by increasing life expectancy at birth, this population is increasing. By 2040,one in five Bangladeshis will be 60 years old or older. The increase in lifespan isaccompanied by a greater burden of...