Myanmar's decentralization of governance, financing and service delivery is taking place against aparticularly challenging backdrop. Myanmar is a country with considerable geographic and socialdiversity and a history of isolation, conflict and underdevelopment. Decades of civil conflict and...

The Kenyan government remains committed to a planned fiscal consolidation pathway, which should help contain public debt stock at a sustainable level. Nonetheless, there are significant challenges stemming from a slowdown in revenue collection, a growing demand for transfers to county...

Timor-Leste is making good progress in nation-building and its emerging governance systems have progressively developed into a largely disciplined PFM system. The main objective of this PEFA assessment is to establish a new baseline for Public Financial Management (PFM) performance measurement...

This module of the Public Expenditure Review (PER) sought to identify options for an effective and sustainable fiscal adjustment by considering key macroeconomic variables, fiscal policy priorities, spending trends, and Uganda's overall development needs. It has, therefore, detailed Uganda's...

A Public Expenditure Review (PER) is a diagnostic instrument to analyze public expenditures and revenues, support policy dialogue with government, and inform engagement with other stakeholders. During November 2021 and July 2022, a PER was conducted for Solomon Islands, titled Euro Fiscal reform...

The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) has made a strong commitment to strengthening public service delivery through three interrelated public sector reform initiatives: Public Financial Management Reform Program (PFMRP), National Program for Public Administration Reform (NPAR), and...

Over the past two decades, Peru has achieved remarkable economic success. Average annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth has exceeded 5 percent since 2001. Poverty has been consistently reduced, and sustained improvements have been observed in social and human development. The poverty...

The World Bank's Nepal Fiscal Federalism Update (NFFU) aims to report annually on the progress of fiscal federalism in Nepal and identify implementation gaps. This second update reviews the progress on fiscal federalism since the publication of the first report and provides an update on economic...

This policy note presents the main features of the fiscal decentralization framework in Croatia, analyzed in reference to its main components, namely, the territorial-administrative structure, the expenditure and revenue assignment framework, the intergovernmental transfer system, the borrowing...

This policy note presents the main features of the fiscal decentralization framework in Croatia, analyzed in reference to its main components, namely, the territorial-administrative structure, the expenditure and revenue assignment framework, the intergovernmental transfer system, the borrowing...