Ghana has low levels of financial inclusion of individuals and access to finance for firms remains a major challenge; some of the key issues include low ownership and usage of accounts, dominance of cash, limited access points, limited electronic and mobile transactions, and high collateral,...

As an European Union (EU) Member State, Romania is subject and aligned to the EU common regulatory framework for banking supervision. The EU regulatory framework for banking supervision has been subject to significant changes since the 2008 global financial crisis and the subsequent sovereign...

This report focuses on the Beninese financial sector by identifying the scope and penetration of specific activities such as banking, microfinance, retail payments, and agriculture finance and the challenges of effectively regulating and supervising such activities, with recommendations aimed at...

This technical note reviews the cooperative bank and credit union sectors. It focuses on: (i) thesituation of the two sectors that are both in states of transition; (ii) the regulatory and supervisory arrangements; and (iii) the safety net and resolution regime within the context of the crisis...

Ghana's real gross domestic product (GDP) expanded in 2018, albeit at a slower rate than in 2017; the expansion was spurred by the mineral component of the industry sector. The government sustained its fiscal consolidation efforts in 2018 despite challenges. The current account deficit narrowed...