The Kenyan government remains committed to a planned fiscal consolidation pathway, which should help contain public debt stock at a sustainable level. Nonetheless, there are significant challenges stemming from a slowdown in revenue collection, a growing demand for transfers to county...

This module of the Public Expenditure Review (PER) sought to identify options for an effective and sustainable fiscal adjustment by considering key macroeconomic variables, fiscal policy priorities, spending trends, and Uganda's overall development needs. It has, therefore, detailed Uganda's...

The objective of this public expenditure review (PER) is to provide the government with options for fiscal consolidation and support macroeconomic stability in the medium-term. This PER addresses the broad topic of expenditure efficiency and examines options for expenditure rationalization to...

This report focuses on Module II(a) related to raising fiscal space through efficiency improvements in public investment management (PIM). The report assessed the performance of the public investment program and how it can have contributed to the evolution of fiscal policy over the last decade....

This public expenditure review (PER) 2022-2023 identifies options for an effective, sustainable, and inclusive fiscal adjustment. It therefore details Uganda's macro-fiscal challenges and government's current fiscal policy stance in relation to both the short-term shocks and longer-term...

How the government of Maldives chooses to spend state revenues has consequences for the country's future Decisions on what, where, how, and how much governments spend on have a significant impact on a country's growth and development. Allocating resources efficiently and effectively across...

The Nigeria Public Finance Review is part of a programmatic effort of fiscal analytics that the World Bank is conducting with the Nigerian government. Ongoing analyses is shared as presentations and technical notes in a continuous dialogue. The emphasis is on establishing a baseline...

The national economy of Vietnam was affected by the April 2020 lockdown meant to contain the domestic spread of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) virus and subsequent outbreaks in Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City. Nevertheless, the economy showed exceptional resilience. Gross domestic product (GDP) grew by...

This is the first of three Debt Reports for 2022 to be published online over the course of the year to provide users with data and analysis on external and public debt of low- and middle-income countries. Debt Report 2022 First Edition present summary analyses of the composition of external debt...

The Subnational DeMPA is a methodology for assessing subnational debt management performance at the level of local government through a comprehensive set of indicators spanning the full range of subnational debt management functions. The SN DeMPA methodology was revised and aligned to the...