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collective energy security. The options to support energy markets, vulnerable households, and firms will vary, depending on …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013473583
Russia's early developmen ... …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012497548
The Palestinian Territories face significant energy security challenges, already severe in Gaza, but also emerging in … due to security issues in Sinai. In addition, Gaza has not yet established any payment record with Egypt since the cost of … controversial 'net lending' mechanism that has so far provided Israel with an informal payment security mechanism to at least …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012246994
with the European Union (EU), China, Turkey, and its location, make it eminently suited for such FDI inflows, including …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012647285
borders with Azerbaijan in the east and with Turkey in the southwest and west are closed. Only the borders with Georgia in the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012647286
Uzbekistan is a resource-rich country with a relatively young population of 33 million, the largest in Central Asia. It is also a geographic pivot for the region, bordering all other Central Asian countries and Afghanistan, with transit connections in all directions. As a double landlocked...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012647287
Tajikistan is the poorest country in the region despite strong growth for nearly two decades; sustaining growth in future will need substantially higher growth in private investment and exports. Its per capita income (GNI) is close to USD 1,000 but nearly a third of its population, of around 9...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012647289
Kazakhstan is an upper-middle income, resource rich country. Its ascent to upper-middle income status was propelled by rising oil production and booming oil prices which pushed the average annual rate to above 7 percent during 2000-2013. The halving of world oil prices and lower export demand...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012647290
security is a paramount objective. But how security can be achieved is subject to many uncertainties. Although Central Asia is … three key questions: -- What is the state of energy security in ECA in the wake of recent geopolitical events? -- What will …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014516799
The special topic of this edition of the Macroeconomic Monitoring report focuses on the TC administration's 'public' financial support to the agriculture sector. Due to the Turkish lira depreciation, the recent adverse climate conditions, and exacerbated by the COVID-19 crisis, the agriculture...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012544689