This federal Public Expenditure Review (PER) analyzes the key drivers of Pakistan's fiscal deficits and explores how the Federal Government can regain fiscal and debt sustainability, in accordance with the fiscal rules set forth in the FRDLA 2005. The report builds upon previous studies,...

The development of Brazil's modern social safety net is quite recent, and social assistance programs claim a relatively small share of resources of the broader social sector. A key feature of the Brazilian social protection system is the duality between formal sector workers, who gained social...

This report represents the largest assessment of village spending since the enactment of the Village Law. The findings presented here are based on a public expenditure analysis of financial data from 45,625 rural villages across 248 districts and 33 provinces. This represents over 58 percent of...

This Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) performance assessment report evaluates the seven core pillars of the public financial management (PFM) system of the Government of the Philippines (Government) as set out in the summary assessment below. It evaluates how effectively...

Performance based budgeting (PBB) has been a popular reform among ministries of finance across the world, accompanied by high expectations for its ability to transform national budget processes. PBB offers the hope of a more evidence-based rationale for making budget decisions across an array of...

Postponement of 2012 VAT Law requires significant early adjustments in the FY18 Budget to tap additional sources of revenue and expenditure saving to increase fiscal space. Automation, process simplification, and dispute resolution may bring additional tax revenues in the immediate future. These...

Guinea-Bissau is a small state in West Africa with a population of around 1.8 million. It is rich in natural resources (fisheries, forestry and agriculture) and biodiversity. Economic activity is, however, dominated by the production and sale of unprocessed cashew, which is also the main source...

Benefiting from successful economic transformation after independence and the start of EU accession negotiations, economic activity in Montenegro has been solid, supporting the rise in incomes their convergence with the ones in the European Union. Inflation has been modest and kept in check....