This report is based on a study of the costs and savings of retail payments in Albania using a methodology (A Practical … instrument) and the resulting cost savings. It is designed based on four main principles: applicability, comparability …

, access to savings and providing adequate income post retirement for individuals. The need to get this balancing act right is … pension savings on income adequacy after retirement. The report concludes with recommendations based on emerging best practice …

The report discusses key policy issues that enable and constrain digital savings market development and offers policy … observations, three policy considerations seem most important for facilitating digital savings account deployments: Enable banking … institutions to pursue digital savings partnerships with nonbank entities. Support the development of interoperability between …

appropriate fiscal framework for determining spending as well as setting aside and managing savings for future generations. The …

savings by informal economy workers. Registration, contributions, and access can be handled via mobile phone by dialing USSD …

Russia's economy experienced two shocks in 2014. On top of the structural crisis that began in 2012, Russia had to deal … with cyclical and idiosyncratic challenges to the economy. One of the new shocks illustrates Russia s integration into the … than halved between July and December 2014, giving Russia a terms-of-trade shock. The ruble lost 46 percent of its value …

underperforming. Currently, Russia uses just over half of registered agricultural lands (Uzun, 2017a). However, only 5-10 percent of … countries, as well as in Russia, come overwhelmingly from yield increases and not from increases in area. This report presents a … (chapter one). It then focuses on policies in the State Program for the Development of Agriculture in Russia, the types of …