This paper analyses the long-term growth and welfare impact of the transition to the market economy in the countries of Eastern Europe. We define welfare as the average real net wage after payments of social security contributions to fund a paygo-type pension system, and of taxes to service the...

Declining social and economic inequalities since the late 1990s coincided with several basic shifts in Latin America.s political landscape, including an electoral turn to the left and a revival of social mobilization from below. These shifts helped to .repoliticize. inequality and return...

Revisiting foundational feminist work on the concept of empowerment from the 1980s and 1990s, this paper draws on the findings of a multi-country research programme, .Pathways of Women.s Empowerment., to explore pathways of positive change in women.s live

The Adjustment-related Social Funds (SFs) have been introduced in more than 70 countries. They conted in limites resources. The SFs did not have a effect on the total social expenditure/GDP ratio, as in most cases the rise of the latter during the years of execution of the SFs was less than the...

This paper discusses dimensions of inequality in sub-Saharan Africa and their causes. It starts with a review of the empirical evidence about inequality during the colonial period as well as the post-independence era. Then it discusses the forces that det

This study examines the rise and fall in income inequality in Ecuador over the past two decades. Falling income equality during the 2000s partly coincides with the rise to power of a .new leftist. government, but the trend was already set early in the decade. The recent trend is mainly...