Political motives, geography, and the uneven distribution of gains trumped the traditional efficiency gains across Africa.s Regional Economic Communities (RECs). The small, sparsely populated, fragmented, and often isolated economies across Africa make a

Japan was the first non-western country to accomplish successful industrialization, and the dominant perception of its .industrial policy. had over-emphasized specific characteristics of Japan. However, from the perspective of today.s development thinking, Japan.s economic history shared a wide...