The paper reviews a number of issues related to the use of currencies in international trade, more than one decade … in off-shore markets. Trade is an important factor in establishing a currency as an international currency, notably by … currency use for international trade and foreign direct investment transactions can even be helpful in achieving the …

concentration in international trade and investment flows. Marginalization is more likely to be explained by domestic policies in … relatively closed countries. The paper shows that among relatively open economies, the concentration of international trade and …, marginalization is not intrinsic to globalization. Key Words: Globalization, international trade and investment flows concentration. …

This paper charts the evolution and diversification of trade in knowledge that has taken place in the quarter … character of 'trade'. …