particular the Patent Act. The EC alleged that Canada’s legislation is not compatible with its obligations under the TRIPS …

substantial benefits that may be associated with the liberalization of services trade, the GATS has obviously not yet lived up to … regimes and, thus, potentially higher gains from liberalization than in merchandise trade, to undertake or envisage …

This study provides a decomposition of the WTO Global Trade Costs Index into five policy-relevant components: transport … and travel costs; information and transaction costs; ICT connectedness; trade policy and regulatory differences; and … governance quality. The WTO Global Trade Costs Index is based on a new methodology by Egger et al. (2021) that delivers …

developing countries and especially the least developed among them secure a share in the growth in international trade … diversify production, linking to the Global Value Chains and developing adequate infra-structures facilitating digital trade as …

then, the issue of the relationship between patent protection and the development of and access to medical treatments and … between IP, innovation, access, and public health between stakeholders with divergent interests. …

Using industry-level R&D and patent data for a sample of 29 countries for the period 2000-2008, we study the importance … traditional finding that knowledge spillovers depend on geographical distance or trade flows. Our findings support policies that …

This paper explores how regulatory responses to emerging IP issues in digital trade may develop at the international …