There are theoretical foundations which allow hypothesizing on a positive association of life expectancy or retirement age with income. If both cannot be falsified, the relationship of income and the internal rate of return of a public pension system is not straight forward. By application of a...

In this survey, we compare the history and status of immigration of a traditional immigration county (the US) with the experiences of a new immigration country (Germany). This reveals differences in the immigration policy as in the immigration population in the respective countries. We resume...