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Biomedical Academic Entrepreneurship Through the SBIR Program
Toole, Andrew A.; Czarnitzki, Dirk - Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) - 2005
This paper considers the U.S. Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program as a policy fostering academic …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005059052
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The impact of public basic research on industrial innovation: Evidence from the pharmaceutical industry
Toole, Andrew A. - Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) - 2011
While most economists believe that public scientific research fuels industry innovation and economic growth, systematic … size as a significant driver of drug innovation in the pharmaceutical industry, but they did not find any evidence … supporting science-driven innovation from publicly funded research. This paper uses new data on biomedical research investments …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009369495
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Exploring the relationship between scientist human capital and firm performance: The case of biomedical academic entrepreneurs in the SBIR program
Czarnitzki, Dirk; Toole, Andrew A. - Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) - 2007
knowledge through the U.S. Small Business Innovation Research Program. Our conceptual framework assumes the nature of an …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005097877
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Does Public Scientific Research Complement Industry R&D Investment? The Case of NIH Supported Basic and Clinical Research and Pharmaceutical Industry R&D
Toole, Andrew A. - Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) - 2005
This research investigates the hypothesis that publicly funded scientific research complements private R&D investment in the pharmaceutical industry. New microlevel data on public research investment by the U.S. National Institutes of Health allow measures of basic and clinical research in seven...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005097919
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Delay and secrecy: Does industry sponsorship jeopardize disclosure of academic research?
Czarnitzki, Dirk; Grimpe, Christoph; Toole, Andrew A. - Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) - 2011
The viability of modern open science norms and practices depend on public disclosure of new knowledge, methods, and materials. Aggregate data from the OECD show a broad shift in the institutional financing structure that supports academic research from public to private sponsorship. This paper...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008869222