In an a priori view, it is usually assumed that the business cycle of manufacturing industries leads the business cycle of the service sector. This seems to be even more plausible for the relationship between business-related services, whose high growth rates in recent years were largely due to...

Benefit sanctions imposed on non-compliant welfare recipients are a new element in the German welfare system. In practice, the sanction policy and the application of sanctions vary considerably across the 439 welfare agencies. Based on combined administrative and survey data, these differences...

The 2005 reform of the German welfare system introduced two competing organizational models for welfare administration. In most districts, a centralized organization was established where local welfare agencies are bound to central directives. At the same time, 69 districts were allowed to opt...

Diese Dokumentation stellt einen Konjunkturindikator für einen Bereich vor, der von der amtlichen Statistik nur unzureichend erfaßt wird. Dieser Service Sentiment Indicator ermöglicht es, die konjunkturelle Situation im immer wichtiger werdenden Wirtschaftszweig unternehmensnahe...