This paper presents an empirical analysis of the determinants of patent litigation in Germany, based on information … analysis show that relatively valuable patents are more likely to be involved in litigation cases than the average patent … than patents which have not been opposed. Patent owner?s ability to trade patents with potential infringers and to interact …

which German patent renewal fees were paid to full-term expiration in 1995. A search of subsequent U.S. and German patents … allowed to expire before their full term. The higher an invention?s economic value estimate was, the more the relevant patent …

the innovation process. Markets with high competition also force enterprises to produce imitative innovations but give …

intellectual property (IP) ownership. Further, we employ firm-specific micro-data on patent applications of European corporations … at the European Patent Office to test reactions on changes in R&D tax incentives and corporate tax burden. We find a … and the count of patent applications. …

such as the European Patent Office (EPO). Yet, not all firms file their patents at the EPO, raising the specter of a … results in a selection bias that affects econometric estimates of innovation production functions. We propose a methodology to …

I analyse how patent litigation outcome in Germany affects the performance of the disputing firms by interpreting … the functioning of the bifurcated German patent litigation system: The separation of litigation and invalidity decisions …, resulting in invalidity decisions taking much longer than decisions on infringement, provides patent holders with a window of …

This paper looks at the decision to settle patent litigation in Germany from a new angle by focusing on detailed data …% of all patent litigation cases in Germany between 2000 and 2008 we estimate the likelihood of within-trial settlement. We …. Additionally, firm-specific stakes as measured by the relation of the involved parties to the disputed patent as well as firm …

German small and medium?sized firms (SME). Special attention is paid to the role of public R&D subsidies. For this purpose … SME in Western and East-ern Germany are compared because these regions are very different in their supply of public R …&D funding. It turns out that Western German SME are financially constrained in their R&D activities by both internal and …

China or Japan, has no predictable effect on its trade surplus. Currency appreciation by the creditor country will slow its …-growth and low-growth economies, as between Japan and the U.S. from in 1950 to 1971 and China and the U.S. from 1994 to 2005 …

experience of Japan. Exchange rate appreciation, or the threat of it, causes macroeconomic distress without having any …