. We distinguish expenditures on innovation (R&D) and imitation (international technology spillovers) and consider the role … policy and vary the beginning of energy-saving technology transfer. Accordingly, China is a main beneficiary of early … energy-specific relative to labor-specific expenditures on innovation and imitation reduces mitigation costs, though. …

used to observe their impact on the decision to locate innovation activities in various countries and regions (China …This paper aims to shed light on firm specific drivers that lead firms to internationalise their innovation activities …’s competitive environment and the influence of innovation obstacles in the home country. In particular, the role of the potential …

or output of a knowledge production function. We suggest that the productivity of research in patent production functions … has been underestimated in the literature, as scholars typically use information about R&D, i.e. the sum of research … expenditure and development expenditure, due to data availability. However, in most industries only (applied) research will lead …

technologies from research organizations to the private sector for commercialization. In the promotion process, policymakers …

Based on a sample of research units in science and engineering at German universities, this study reports survey … evidence showing that research grants impact research content. Research units that receive funds from industry are more likely … likely that large firms influenced the research agenda. Public research grants, on the other hand, are associated with a …

scientific research. It has been argued that an increasing orientation towards commercialization may have a negative impact on … more fundamental research efforts in science. Several scholars have therefore analyzed the relationship between publication … former may have closer links to basic research, this is not what we expect from the latter. We argue that such efforts will …

Valuable knowledge emerges increasingly outside of firm boundaries, in particular in public research institutions and … engagements with universities propel innovation success. However, broadening the spectrum of interactions is more beneficial with … regard to innovation success. Applying latent class cluster analysis we identify four distinct patterns of interaction. Our …

This paper deals with the effects of publicly funded research at universities, polytechnics and federal research labs … public research institutions. In questioning 2,300 companies we found that less than one tenth of product or process … innovating firms introduced innovations between 1993 and 1995 that would not have been developed without public research. These …