differ. Functional flexibility is strongly positively associated with product innovations. In contrast, numerical flexibility … allows firms to ?buy? innovations in the short run, but reduces innovative capacity in the longer run. …

evidence for start-up firms on the role of patents as signals to investors, in particular to Venture Capitalists. This study …&D for a panel of established firms. The results show that patents do indeed attenuate financing constraints for small firms …

patenting, our results further suggest that knowledge creation alliances lead to patents that are filed to protect valuable …

We analyze the impact of the probabilistic nature of patents on the functioning of Germany's bifurcated patent … patents immediately afterwards. …

Classical patent literature assumes that patents grant well-defined legal rights to exclude others from practicing an … and the certification effect of patents which signals the ventures' 'quality' to investors. If the decision about patent … start-up companies are reluctant to launch new products if patents are pending. Further, pending patents attract risk …

This study investigates whether standard patent measures for the importance and basicness of patents are able to … distinguish between 'wacky' patents and a control group of randomly drawn patents. Our findings show that forward citations are … good predictors of importance. However, the 'wacky' patents have higher originality, generality and average citation lags …

Many studies investigate the relationship between R&D expenditures as an input and patents as an intermediate product … Belgian firms. It turns out that only the 'R' part of R&D expenditure has a significant effect on patents and that development …