German firms from manufacturing and services sectors I show that the perceived effectiveness of patent protection positively …. However, this effect varies with the perceived patent protection effectiveness. If the perceived patent protection …

patent quantity is driven by knowledge exchange rather than joint R&D. Firms engaged in joint R&D, on the other hand, receive … more forward citations per patent indicating that joint R&D enhances patent quality. In light of literature on strategic …

-up threats. Backward references in firm's patent portfolio indicate potential technology suppliers. I find a negative effect of … ownership fragmentation on investments related to innovation for firms with small patent portfolios. Hold-up threats are … between downstream firms and upstream patentees negatively affect investments in innovation for firms with large patent …

of critical knowledge. Given that a patent specification has to include a clear description of the patented matter so … patent law. This paper provides a model identifying the incentives for firms to deliberately obscure their inventive … knowledge in a patent specification. …

Thickets of partially overlapping patent rights raise costs to secure IPR for innovation. Fragmented IP ownership … raises coordination costs to resolve mutual blockades. Inadvertent patent infringement poses the risk of fruits from … small patent portfolios are less likely to invest in innovation if IPR is fragmented. Firms with large patent portfolios are …

output. Research units that source research ideas from small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) patent more, but not more …

Classical patent literature assumes that patents grant well-defined legal rights to exclude others from practicing an … invention. In this scenario, start-up companies benefit from the exclusive right to commercialize patent-protected inventions … and the certification effect of patents which signals the ventures' 'quality' to investors. If the decision about patent …

landscapes have a higher probability of in-licensing. For firms with small patent portfolios we also find a positive association … appear to depend on the size of a firm’s patent portfolio. These results suggest that the effects of fragmentation of …

We explore the tail of patented invention value distributions by using value estimates obtained directly from patent …