This paper presents an empirical analysis of the determinants of patent litigation in Germany, based on information … analysis show that relatively valuable patents are more likely to be involved in litigation cases than the average patent … than patents which have not been opposed. Patent owner?s ability to trade patents with potential infringers and to interact …

which German patent renewal fees were paid to full-term expiration in 1995. A search of subsequent U.S. and German patents … allowed to expire before their full term. The higher an invention?s economic value estimate was, the more the relevant patent …

. We distinguish expenditures on innovation (R&D) and imitation (international technology spillovers) and consider the role … policy and vary the beginning of energy-saving technology transfer. Accordingly, China is a main beneficiary of early … energy-specific relative to labor-specific expenditures on innovation and imitation reduces mitigation costs, though. …

innovation is a crucial productivity driver, a potential crowding out of inventive efforts could increase the cost of mitigating …. However, we do not find negative effects on the number of ongoing R&D projects, investments in innovation-related fixed assets … or on the outcome of innovation projects. Likewise, for firms with subsidy-backed environmental innovations no crowding …

used to observe their impact on the decision to locate innovation activities in various countries and regions (China …This paper aims to shed light on firm specific drivers that lead firms to internationalise their innovation activities …’s competitive environment and the influence of innovation obstacles in the home country. In particular, the role of the potential …

output. Research units that source research ideas from small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) patent more, but not more …

on the basis of patent data was conducted and a weighted bivariate probit model was estimated on the citation probability … of industry and science on the basis of a combined sample of citing and cited patent pairs and an equal number of control … patent pairs. The empirical results suggest that there are considerable differences in the citation probability. Cultural …

engagements with universities propel innovation success. However, broadening the spectrum of interactions is more beneficial with … regard to innovation success. Applying latent class cluster analysis we identify four distinct patterns of interaction. Our …