. In 2002, Germany transferred patent rights from faculty members to their universities. To identify the effect on the …

The increasing commercialization of university discoveries has initiated a controversy on the impacts for future … scientific research. It has been argued that an increasing orientation towards commercialization may have a negative impact on … not account for heterogeneity of patenting activities ranging from university patents to corporate patents. While the …

subsequent years. For patents, we find that industry funding increases their quality measured by patent citations. …University research provides valuable inputs to industrial innovation. It is therefore not surprising that private … crowding-out of scientific publications through commercialization activities such as patenting or the formation of spin …

Patent pendencies create uncertainty in research and development (R&D) collaboration agreements, resulting in a threat …

analysis rests on the German data from the Europe-wide Community Innovation Survey (CIS). We use a unique data set of about 900 … domestic innovation activities the later wave reports IP infringements. In a second analysis, the likelihood of infringements … from innovation host countries and no innovation host countries abroad is examined. Before the empirical analysis, an …

British biotechnology companies we have identified all patents filed at the European Patent Office (EPO). Applying hazard rate … attention to patent quality, financing those ventures faster which later turn out to have high-quality patents. Patent …This paper investigates how patent applications and grants held by new ventures improve their ability to attract …

technologies from research organizations to the private sector for commercialization. In the promotion process, policymakers …

output. Research units that source research ideas from small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) patent more, but not more … successful than others in terms of the impact of their inventions on future patents. If, on the other hand, research units source …

on the basis of patent data was conducted and a weighted bivariate probit model was estimated on the citation probability … of industry and science on the basis of a combined sample of citing and cited patent pairs and an equal number of control … patent pairs. The empirical results suggest that there are considerable differences in the citation probability. Cultural …

engagements with universities propel innovation success. However, broadening the spectrum of interactions is more beneficial with … regard to innovation success. Applying latent class cluster analysis we identify four distinct patterns of interaction. Our …