student background at two important stages in a student?s life as well as to explain cross-country differences in educational … opportunities by schooling institutions. A difference-in-differences estimation approach is applied to control for country … more instruction time limits the impact of social origin on student performance. Higher school autonomy increases the …

Human capital contracts give private investors the right to share of students' future earnings in return for a …

-Economic Panel from 2000 to 2007. In addition to the role of classical variables like family background and school achievements, we … examine the effect of noncognitive skills. Both, better school grades and higher noncognitive skills reduce the risk to become … an educational dropout. The influence of school achievements on the dropout probability tends to decrease and the …

based on grades received at school. It is examined how this matching is affected if good grades are granted to some low … ability students. Such grade inflation is shown to reduce the aggregate wage of the lower class workers because employers use … social origin as a signal for productivity if grades are less than fully informative. Moreover, the high-ability students …

Violence at schools is a well-known problem in many societies. This paper assesses the degree of school violence in 11 … the international TIMSS 2003 and the British longitudinal NCDS data. The level of school violence is high in most … countries but seems not to increase over time. Besides gender, social and migration background and the appearance of students …