investor’s termination rates and increase competitors’ termination rates under the callingparty- network-pays regime. Moreover …, investments increase off-net traffic from the investor’s network but also from competitors’ networks. Regulation changes the …

analysis. These findings show that European Commission interventions are competition enhancing and support the expected …

intervention. We contend, however, that the current contract practice of fixing ex ante targets for network expansion is … information about the capital costs of the network provider. This paper puts forward to delegate the choice of the network …

value chain, substitutability between some applications, network effects in the provision of content and services, two …

the regional digital divide. At individual level, the findings underline the importance of network effects. …

regulatory holidays or geographically differentiated regulations, ii) deregulatory approaches based on effective competition law … of access regulations exist, whereas only a much smaller branch of literature addresses the impact of competition … in grey areas, if there is sufficient pressure from competitive outside options and if competition law is strong. Finally …

-based competition is preferable to open-network regulations. The most prospective candidate as an independent network capable of … generating facilities-based competition in Germany is the cable-broadcasting network. The current developments in the cable …, there is a need for unbundling regulation to foster competition. Improvements to the current open-network regulation …