or output of a knowledge production function. We suggest that the productivity of research in patent production functions … has been underestimated in the literature, as scholars typically use information about R&D, i.e. the sum of research … expenditure and development expenditure, due to data availability. However, in most industries only (applied) research will lead …

We analyze the effects of captive off-shoring of innovation activities on the firms' ability to adapt their … organizational processes and structures. Starting from complexity theory, we use three consecutive waves of the German part of the … Community Innovation Survey to test our hypotheses. We find an inverted u-shape of innovation off-shoring on the effectiveness …

This study examines how industry-specific managerial experience affects firms' innovation performance in the context of …

This paper examines how foreign-owned and domestically owned firms transform innovation into employment growth. The …, reveals important differences between the two groups: Due to general productivity increases and process innovation, foreign … innovation are larger for foreignowned firms. Together with employment-stimulating effects stemming from existing products, they …

This study presents a novel empirical approach to identify financing constraints for innovation based on the concept of …. If they selected additional innovation projects, they must have had some unexploited investment opportunities that were … not profitable using more costly external finance. We attribute constraints for innovation not only to lacking financing …

This paper examines the role of venture capital on a firm's innovation activities by using a data set of German … technology-based firms founded between 1996 and 2005. Innovation is proxied by patent counts and an index of innovativeness which …