Immigrants consist of foreigners and citizens with migration background. We analyze the wage gap between natives and … these two groups in Germany. The estimates show a substantial gap for both groups with respect to natives. Discarding … immigrants who completed education abroad reduces much of the immigrants' wage gap. This implies educational attainment in …

A growing body of programme evaluation literature recognises immigrants as a disadvantaged group on European labour …

At the turn of the millennium three frequently cited potential causes of new challenges for wage policy in Germany are … development of wages and employment across skill groups, there is considerable disagreement to explain these trends, in particular …

this paper, the effects of language proficiency on earnings are analyzed for foreigners in Germany with joint consideration …

Less than half of the people with migration background living in Germany possess foreign citizenship. Hence, using … group (native Germans) may be contaminated by effects from naturalized immigrants. This paper utilizes a wider definition … Germany lead to better earnings prospects compared to degrees obtained abroad for persons with migration background …

Less than half of the people with migration background living in Germany possess foreign citizenship. Hence, using … group (native Germans) may be contaminated by effects from naturalized immigrants. This paper utilizes a wider definition … Germany lead to better earnings prospects compared to degrees obtained abroad for persons with migration background …

cultural imprint-influence the fertility outcomes of first- and second-generation female immigrants. We use both total … 'generation 1.5' (migrants arriving as children) and the second generation. It is stronger for women with low education and for …

heterogeneous returns we apply two estimation methods: Wooldridge?s (2004) approach that relies on conditional mean independence and …