Do tightenings of bank lending standards permanently reduce bank lending? We construct a measure of a bank's level of … lending standards using micro-data from the sample of banks participating in the Eurosystem Bank Lending Survey in The … relevant; a one point tightening reduces a bank's quarterly growth rate of business lending by about half a percentage point …

This paper examines how credit risk affects bank lending and the business cycle. We estimate a panel Vector …, inflation, the short-term interest rate, bank lending, as well as loan loss provisioning by banks (as proxy for credit risk …). Our main findings are that: (i) bank lending and loan loss provisioning are important drivers of business cycle …

influence European monetary policy. German data show that factors leading to external pressure on the central bank are rising …

composition of the ECB's balance sheet compared to other central banks, such as the Fed and the Bank of England. Next, we take … policy transmission process and supporting the central bank objectives. Finally, we offer new evidence on the effectiveness …

-world developments have spawned a huge newscholarly literature on central bank communicationmostly empirical, and almost all of it … and powerful part of the central bank's toolkit since it has the ability to move financial markets, to enhance the …

stronger competition implies significantly lower spreads between bank and market interest rates for most loan market products … pass-through of market rates to bank interest rates, we likewise find that banks tend to price their loans more in … stronger, we observe larger bank spreads (implying lower bank interest rates) on current account and time deposits. This would …