This paper distinguishes the Intellectual Property Rights relevant to agriculture and explain these rights. The international intellectual property law for these rights will be described. India's international obligations vis-a-vis her own IPR laws has been explained. Analysis of the public...

In this paper, the influence of stronger intellectual property protection on technology transfer into developing countries via licensing is analyzed. Using panel data for the post-TRIPs period 1995-2005, it is found that stronger protection is associated with increased royalty and license fee...

The question of protecting intellectual property rights by academic inventors was never seriously contemplated until the introduction of the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980 in the US. The Act allowed universities to retain patent rights over inventions arising out of federally-funded research and to...

This paper investigates whether, in what direction, and to what extent one mode of technology transfer – namely, overseas R&D – is influenced by the strength of intellectual property protection that host nations provide. Using data spanning the period 1977-2004, we find weak...

On April 3, 2006, an independent commission on Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), innovation and public health presented its report to the World Health Organisation (WHO). The report was commissioned by the World Health Assembly, the WHO's governing body of 192 member states. The report...

This study has the objective to: 1) examine the extend to which the flexibilities contained in the WTO agreement on TRIPS have been incorporated into the legislation of developing countries and the extent of the actual use for public health purposes; 2) review the stated trade policies of major...

A bill to provide for the establishment and incorporation of Universities for Research and Innovation and for enabling them to emerge as centres for ecosystems to develop as hubs of education, research and innovation and to promote research and innovation in learning and design, development and...

The paper discuses the effects free trade with United States of America will have on New Zealand, and its economy.