This policy brief aims to summarise evidence and discuss various concerns about charging user fees from a low-income perspective.

The FRBM Act was reflective of the shared commitment across political parties towards fiscal conservatism. A decade later, the picture, as reflected in the Union Budget, is yet to change for the better. And given the interests that the current Government represents, a real departure from the...

The bulletin shows what are the process in presenting budget and the terms used in the budget.

The Minister of Railways, Pawan Kumar Bansal, presented the Railway Budget 2013 to Parliament on 26th February. In his address, he commented on the performance of Railways in 2012-13 and laid out his budget proposals for 2013-14. [PRS]....

Railway budget 2014-15.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of economic policies on Philippine agricultural incentives from 1960 up to 1992. Apart from economic policies affecting price incentives, cover public expenditures for agricultural support services which influence agricultural incentives by...

The Minister of Railways, D V Sadananda Gowda, presented the Railways Budget 2014 to Parliament on July 8, 2014. In his address, he assessed the performance of Railways in 2013-14 and laid out his budget proposals for 2014-15. The Ministry targets to become the largest freight carrier in the world.

To understand the development process of Indian Railway’s over the past twenty years, the study covers issues and strategies related to financial and physical aspects of revenue generating freight and passenger traffic from 1987-2007. Study also covers the developments in the parcel,...

The budgetary data for 2011-12 indicates the commitment of States to carry forward fiscal correction, as evident from the emergence of revenue surplus after a gap of two years and consequent reduction in fiscal deficit-GDP ratio. Notwithstanding the improvement in the revenue account, the...

This paper develops an index for measuring the economic power of governments viewed as entities in themselves. The basic idea is to encapsulate the economic representative power of a nation’s government in the international arena in as simple and parsimonious a manner as possible. For...