Budget speech by Minister of Finance. [Ministry of Finance]. URL:[http://www.finance.gov.pk/budget/budget_Speech_12_13.pdf].

This paper mainly describes he concepts of FTAP and explains the current political state of affairs in the international discussions. [FES]

This paper argues that graduated penalties observed in most legal systems may be an attempt to direct law enforcement efforts towards crimes that are socially more harmful, thereby achieving better deterrence overall. The critical assumptions are: the state cannot commit to monitoring strategy,...

There is sufficient evidence to show that early and good quality documentation of evidence is associated with positive legal outcome and hence this area of reform in medico-legal services need to be actively pursued. Good quality training and motivation building will be the mainstay of success...

Using a panel of eight Pakistani manufacturing industries, We have examined the changes in price-cost margin (gross profitability) during 1998-2009. In this study the traditional industrial organization approach of Structure-Performance has been applied to analyze the effects of concentration...

Cyber operations could have as devastating an impact on populations as conventional military weapons. With militaries already in the process of developing cyberwarfare as a means of battle, there is an urgent need for policymakers to understand this new realm and develop norms and rules to...