The Czech National Accounting Board, an independent national accounting body that was established by the initiative of Czech accountants, the Chamber of Auditors, academics from the University of Economics in Prague, and the Chamber of Tax Advisors in 1999 is subject of the article. The main...

The paper focuses on distribution of unrealized profits. It identifies arguments for such a discussion. Substance of creditor protection, equivalent rights for shareholders and creditors, capital maintenance concepts and accounting aspects of these phenomena are discussed. The paper clearly...

As governmental accounting standards have developed, the complexities of preparing financial statements for governmental entities have greatly increased. Providing meaningful financial information to a wide range of users is not an easy task. Adding to these challenges, the Governmental...

This paper discusses the criminal liability of auditing companies which came into force in the legal system of the Czech Republic on 1 January 2012. It explains new principles of legal regulation concerning criminal liability of corporations and actions against them and it goes on to apply these...

This paper deals with detailed analysis of sanctions imposed in the Czech Republic for unlawful conduct concerning accounting provided for in Act No. 563/1991 Coll., on Accounting, as amended. I analyze the difference between an infraction and an administrative offence including implications for...

As a reaction on bankruptcy and financial scandals of the important international corporations, the Congress U.S.A. issued in 2002 a new law – Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The important part of it deals with the regulation of auditor profession by means of a new established institution – PCAOB. This...

More attention has been paid lately to small and medium companies as they represent more than 95% of all business subjects of the national economy of each country. The European Union is pursuing activities in order to reduce costs for those companies, related to fulfilling of administrative...

Equity of a limited liability company or a joint stock company is mainly composed of contributions of shareholders, retained earnings or funds from revaluation of assets at fair value. The revaluation of assets and liabilities at fair value is substantial if the company has carried out a merger...

Among the most frequent transactions realized between related entities included in a group are sales of goods, provision of services, lending, sales of securities and other financial assets. Consolidation adjustments leading to eliminations of these transactions realized e.g. between parent and...