The series of corporate accounting scandals drew attention to the stewardship function of accounting. This exposition deals with the characteristics of accounting from perspective of institutional economic theory. I analyze relationship between owner and manager by the principal-agent model....

This paper deals with achieving hedge accounting for portfolio of assets and liabilities. Furthermore, provides brief comparison between currently effective hedge accounting rules embodied in IAS 39 and forthcoming standard IFRS 9. The aim of presented paper is to highlight possible linkage...

This paper deals with professional liability of auditors seen from the perspective of criminal law of the Czech Republic. The introductory part discusses the essentials of criminal liability, analyses the term “criminal act” and other issues, particularly “fault”: not only from the...

This paper deals with auditor’s and tax advisor’s duty of confidentiality. In the first part I define the auditor’s duty of confidentiality, also in the context of legal regulation development concerning the auditor’s profession. I go on to discuss aspects of breach of the duty to...

This paper discusses the criminal liability of auditing companies which came into force in the legal system of the Czech Republic on 1 January 2012. It explains new principles of legal regulation concerning criminal liability of corporations and actions against them and it goes on to apply these...

The New civil code in the Czech Republic re-implemented earnest into legislation. This article handles with this instrument – substance of earnest, its functions which are important for the decision on accounting treatment of earnest (proof, secure and penalize). Also distinction between...

The supervision of the quality of auditors' activities in the Czech and Slovak Republic has developed in different directions even though the default Act of 1989 for this profession was identical. The Czech approach was more aimed at the restriction of undesirable behavior of auditors the Slovak...

Assurance services are services provided by auditors to reduce information asymmetry in agent/principal situation or in other situations when one party of transaction is able to gain less information then the other. Those services are regulated by International Standards on Auditing issued by...

Typical requirements for investment units export financing are high capital, specialized financing and export banks that are associated with insurance agencies. Investment units export financing is often accompanied with various long term investment risks and payment risks. Foreign exchange...

Firm’s financial resources must be characterized in other way than resources included to liability of balance sheet. Financial resources are created by total receipts, increase of equity and debt capital, subsidies and leasing. Internal resources of firm include not only its profit, but total...