The paper focuses on distribution of unrealized profits. It identifies arguments for such a discussion. Substance of creditor protection, equivalent rights for shareholders and creditors, capital maintenance concepts and accounting aspects of these phenomena are discussed. The paper clearly...

The Czech National Accounting Board, an independent national accounting body that was established by the initiative of Czech accountants, the Chamber of Auditors, academics from the University of Economics in Prague, and the Chamber of Tax Advisors in 1999 is subject of the article. The main...

The main aim of the 10th European directive no. 56/2005/EC, about cross-border mergers was to allow free movement of capital among Member states. After the implementation the tax, business and accounting differences should disappear. Text of this directive is not in certain areas exact and it...

This paper deals with certain problematic issues that are associated with the current legal regulation of cross border mergers. Given the nature of these issues, they should be addressed within the upcoming amendment of the Act. No. 125/2008 Coll., on Transformation of companies. With respect to...

As governmental accounting standards have developed, the complexities of preparing financial statements for governmental entities have greatly increased. Providing meaningful financial information to a wide range of users is not an easy task. Adding to these challenges, the Governmental...

This paper discusses the criminal liability of auditing companies which came into force in the legal system of the Czech Republic on 1 January 2012. It explains new principles of legal regulation concerning criminal liability of corporations and actions against them and it goes on to apply these...

This paper deals with detailed analysis of sanctions imposed in the Czech Republic for unlawful conduct concerning accounting provided for in Act No. 563/1991 Coll., on Accounting, as amended. I analyze the difference between an infraction and an administrative offence including implications for...

As a reaction on bankruptcy and financial scandals of the important international corporations, the Congress U.S.A. issued in 2002 a new law – Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The important part of it deals with the regulation of auditor profession by means of a new established institution – PCAOB. This...

We review some relevant literature in the field of tax evasion avoidance proposals. Unfortunately legislative a political conditions (double taxation treaties, tax competition) prevent some of the most useful designs proposed in the scholar literature, to be widely used in Europe. Then we...

This paper investigates the tax harmonization in the European Union in the context of the Economic Crisis. The aim is to analyze an evolution of taxes with the greatest harmonizing tendencies. Two of them are indirect taxes – VAT and excise tax, and one is direct tax – corporate income tax....