The series of corporate accounting scandals drew attention to the stewardship function of accounting. This exposition deals with the characteristics of accounting from perspective of institutional economic theory. I analyze relationship between owner and manager by the principal-agent model....

This paper deals with professional liability of auditors seen from the perspective of criminal law of the Czech Republic. The introductory part discusses the essentials of criminal liability, analyses the term “criminal act” and other issues, particularly “fault”: not only from the...

This paper deals with auditor’s and tax advisor’s duty of confidentiality. In the first part I define the auditor’s duty of confidentiality, also in the context of legal regulation development concerning the auditor’s profession. I go on to discuss aspects of breach of the duty to...

This paper discusses the criminal liability of auditing companies which came into force in the legal system of the Czech Republic on 1 January 2012. It explains new principles of legal regulation concerning criminal liability of corporations and actions against them and it goes on to apply these...

The New civil code in the Czech Republic re-implemented earnest into legislation. This article handles with this instrument – substance of earnest, its functions which are important for the decision on accounting treatment of earnest (proof, secure and penalize). Also distinction between...

The supervision of the quality of auditors' activities in the Czech and Slovak Republic has developed in different directions even though the default Act of 1989 for this profession was identical. The Czech approach was more aimed at the restriction of undesirable behavior of auditors the Slovak...

Assurance services are services provided by auditors to reduce information asymmetry in agent/principal situation or in other situations when one party of transaction is able to gain less information then the other. Those services are regulated by International Standards on Auditing issued by...

More attention has been paid lately to small and medium companies as they represent more than 95% of all business subjects of the national economy of each country. The European Union is pursuing activities in order to reduce costs for those companies, related to fulfilling of administrative...

Equity of a limited liability company or a joint stock company is mainly composed of contributions of shareholders, retained earnings or funds from revaluation of assets at fair value. The revaluation of assets and liabilities at fair value is substantial if the company has carried out a merger...

Among the most frequent transactions realized between related entities included in a group are sales of goods, provision of services, lending, sales of securities and other financial assets. Consolidation adjustments leading to eliminations of these transactions realized e.g. between parent and...