Most real-world trade liberalizations decrease tariffs and increase quotas without completely abolishing them. We ask how decreases in tariffs and increases in quotas affect productivity in an economy with monopoly rights in the import-competing sector. We show that a reduction in a tariff can...

We ask for which part of the observed cross-country differences in the level of per-capita income monopoly rights can account. We answer this question in a calibrated growth model with capital. Monopoly rights in the capital-producing sector shield labor market insiders from the competition by...

We ask whether the three-sector neoclassical growth model can account for the large cross-country differences in the levels of per-capita income, in the stocks of physical and human capital, and in the relative prices of capital. We use a version in which one sector produces services, a second...