overall gains from openness.

Building on Eaton and Kortum's (2002) model of Ricardian trade, Alvarez and Lucas (2005) calculate that a small country representing 1% of the world's GDP experiences a gain of 41% as it goes from autarky to frictionless trade with the rest of the world. But the gains from openness, which...

In this paper we use the monopolistic competition model with heterogeneous firms to study the effect of different policies on productivity and welfare, and provide three particular policies, which allow to reach the first best allocation in the economy. We also show that an export subsidy...