In the 1990s, European merger regulation (EMR) was biased against foreign acquirers, especially if the deal harmed domestic rivals (i.e., protectionism). In 2002, the Court of First Instance overturned three prohibitions by the European Commission (EC) and criticized its economic analysis. These...

The paper examines cross-border takeovers through the lens of currency risk management. Using a sample of 152 large cross-border deals undertaken by listed French firms, the study document that, acquirers are firms with higher exposure to target currency prior to the takeover announcement. The...